Electronics - AC Power Systems ...

Electronics - AC Power Systems Handbook, zasilacze

[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
Table of Contents
Chapter 1:
Power Distribution and Control
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Defining Terms
1.1.2 Power Electronics
1.2 AC Circuit Analysis
1.2.1 Power Relationship in AC Circuits
1.2.2 Complex Numbers
1.2.3 Phasors
1.2.4 Per Unit System
1.3 Elements of the AC Power System
1.4 Power Transformers
1.4.1 Basic Principles
1.4.2 Counter-Electromotive Force
1.4.3 Full Load Percent Impedance
1.4.4 Design Considerations
1.4.5 The Ideal Transformer
1.4.6 Application Considerations
1.5 Power Generation
1.5.1 Fundamental Concepts
1.5.1.1 Control Techniques
1.5.2 Power Generating Systems
1.5.2.1
Fossil Fuel Power Plants
1.5.2.2
Nuclear Power Plants
1.5.2.3
Hydroelectric Power Plants
1.6 Capacitors
1.7 Transmission Circuits
1.7.1 Types of Conductors
1.7.1.1 Overhead Cables
1.7.1.2 Underground Cables
1.7.1.3 Skin Effect
1.7.2 Dielectrics and Insulators
1.7.2.1 Insulating Liquids
1.7.2.2 Insulating Solids
1.7.3 Control and Switching Systems
1.7.3.1 Fault Protection Devices
1.7.3.2 Lightning Arrester
1.8 Utility AC Power System
© 1999 CRC Press LLC
1.8.1 Power Distribution
1.8.2 Distribution Substations
1.8.2.1 Breaker Schemes
1.8.3 Voltage Analysis
1.8.4 High-Voltage DC Transmission
1.8.4.1 Economic Comparison of AC and DC Transmission
1.8.4.2 DC Circuit Breakers
1.9 Power Factor
1.9.1 PFCorrectionTechniques
1.9.1.1 On-Site Power Factor Correction
1.9.1.2 Shunt Reactors
1.9.1.3 Unwanted Resonance Conditions
1.9.1.4 Series Capacitor Compensation
1.9.1.5 Static Compensation Devices
1.10Utility Company Interfacing
1.10.1 Phase-to-Phase Balance
1.10.2 Measuring AC Power
1.10.2.1 Digital Measurement Techniques
1.11References
1.12Bibliography
Chapter 2:
The Origins of AC Line Disturbances
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Naturally Occurring Disturbances
2.2.1 Sources of Atmospheric Energy
2.2.2 Characteristics of Lightning
2.2.2.1 Cloud-to-Cloud Activity
2.2.3 Lightning Protection
2.2.3.1 Protection Area
2.2.4 Electrostatic Discharge
2.2.4.1 Triboelectric Effect
2.2.5 EMP Radiation
2.2.6 Coupling Transient Energy
2.3 Equipment-Caused Transient Disturbances
2.3.1 Utility System Faults
2.3.2 Switch Contact Arcing
2.3.3 Telephone System Transients
2.3.4 Nonlinear Loads and Harmonic Energy
2.3.4.1 Harmonic Sources
2.3.5 Carrier Storage
2.3.6 Transient-Generated Noise
2.3.6.1
ESD Noise
2.3.6.2
Contact Arcing
© 1999 CRC Press LLC
2.3.6.3 SCR Switching
2.4 Power Disturbance Classifications
2.4.1 Standards of Measurement
2.5 Assessing the Threat
2.5.1 Fundamental Measurement Techniques
2.5.1.1 Root-Mean-Square
2.5.1.2 Average-Response Measurement
2.5.1.3 Peak-Response Measurement
2.5.1.4 Meter Accuracy
2.5.2 Digital Measurement Instruments
2.5.3 Digital Signal Conversion
2.5.3.1 The A/D Conversion Process
2.5.4 Digital Monitor Features
2.5.4.1 Capturing Transient Waveforms
2.5.4.2 Case in Point
2.6 Reliability Considerations
2.7 References
2.8 Bibliography
Chapter 3:
The Effects of Transient Disturbances
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Semiconductor Failure Modes
3.2.1 Device Ruggedness
3.2.2 Forward Bias Safe Operating Area
3.2.3 Reverse Bias Safe Operating Area
3.2.4 Power-Handling Capability
3.2.5 Semiconductor Derating
3.2.6 Failure Mechanisms
3.2.6.1 Avalanche Breakdown
3.2.6.2 Alpha Multiplication
3.2.6.3 Punch-Through
3.2.6.4 Thermal Runaway
3.2.6.5 Breakdown Effects
3.2.6.6 Avalanche-Related Failure
3.2.6.7 Thermal Runaway
3.2.6.8 Thermal Second Breakdown
3.2.6.9 Metallization Failure
3.2.6.10 Polarity Reversal
3.3 MOSFET Devices
3.3.1 Safe Operating Area
3.3.2 MOSFET Failure Modes
3.4 Thyristor Components
3.4.1
Failure Modes
© 1999 CRC Press LLC
3.4.2 Application Considerations
3.5 ESD Failure Modes
3.5.1 Failure Mechanisms
3.5.1.1 Latent Failures
3.5.1.2 Case in Point
3.6 Semiconductor Development
3.6.1 Failure Analysis
3.6.2 Chip Protection
3.7 Effects of Arcing
3.7.1 Insulation Breakdown
3.8 References
3.9 Bibliography
Chapter 4:
Power System Components
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Power-Supply Components
4.2 Power Rectifiers
4.2.1 Operating Rectifiers in Series
4.2.2 Operating Rectifiers in Parallel
4.2.3 Silicon Avalanche Rectifiers
4.2.4 Single-Phase Rectifier Configurations
4.2.4.1 Half-Wave Rectifier
4.2.4.2 Full-Wave Rectifier
4.2.4.3 Bridge Rectifier
4.2.4.4 Voltage Multiplier
4.2.5 Polyphase Rectifier Circuits
4.2.6 Power Supply Filter Circuits
4.2.6.1 Inductive Input Filter
4.2.6.2 Capacitive Input Filter
4.3 Power Electronics
4.3.1 Thyristor Devices
4.3.2 Thyristor Servo Systems
4.3.2.1 Inductive Loads
4.3.2.2 Applications
4.3.2.3 Triggering Circuits
4.3.2.4 Control Flexibility
4.3.3 Gate Turn-Off Thyristor
4.3.4 Reverse-Conducting Thyristor
4.3.5 Asymmetrical Silicon-Controlled Rectifier
4.3.6 Fusing
4.3.7 Power Transistors
4.3.8 Power MOSFET
4.3.8.1
Rugged MOSFET
© 1999 CRC Press LLC
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

zanotowane.pl

doc.pisz.pl

pdf.pisz.pl

dietanamase.keep.pl